Space telegraphy.



No. 884,107. PATENTED APR. '7, 1908. J. S. STONE.

SPACE TELBGRAPHY.

APPLIoATIoN FILED AUG. a. 190e.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 884,107. PATENTED APR. '7, 1908.

J. s. STONE.l

SPACE TELBGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 3. 1906.

I 15 SHBETS-SHBET 2.

No. 884,107. PATENTED APR. '7, 1,908.

' J. S. STONE.

SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. s, 190e.

15 HEETs-SHBBT s.

WITH Zz Q1 F123 No. 884,107. PATENTED APR. 7, 1908.

J. S. STONE.

SPACE TELBGRAPHY. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 3. 1906.

15 SHBBTSI-SHIEET 4.

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PATENTED APR. '7, 1908.

J. s. STUNB. SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

` APPLICATION FILED AUG. 3, 1906.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

12s. STONE. SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 3. 1908.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

PATENTED APR. 7. 1908.

No. 884,107. VPATEl\Tl-`lD APR. 7, 1908. J. S. STONE.' SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. s, 1906.

15 SHEETS*SH^EET E.

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PATENTED APR. '7, 1908-` J.s.-sToN-;. SPACE 'TELEGRAPHY- APPLICATION FILED AUG. 3, 1906.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 10.

No. 884,107. PATENTED APR. '7, 1908.

I. S. STONE. SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

APPLIGATION FILED AUG. a 1

90's 15 SHEETS-SHEET 11.

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15 SHEETS-SHBET 12.

J. s. STONEIV SPACE TELBGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 3. 1906.

rNo. 884,107.

No. 884,107. PATENTED APR. '7, 1908.

J. s. STONE.

SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 3, 1906.

. 15 SHBETSSHBBT 13.

iw I l l ITEMS- @kW/af No. 884,107. PATENTED APR. 7, 1908.

1 J. S. STONE.

` SPACE TELBGRAPHY.

`APPLIOATION FILED AUG. a. 190e.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 14.

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EEE=v UNITED sTATias PATENT oFFicE- JOHN STONE STONE, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO WILLIAM W. SWAN, TRUSTEE, OF BROOKLINE, MASSAOHUSETTS.

SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

Specicationof Letters Patent.

Patented A prii 7, 190s.

,Application tiled August 3, 1906. Serial No. 329,094.

`to their destination; and it relates more particularly to systems for receiving signals transmitted by such waves.

The object of the present invention is to so adjust thefelevated conductor system of a Wireless' or space telegraph receiving system relative to an associated tuned or resonant receiving circuit or circuits that, first, a persistent train of electromagnetic Waves of a predetermined -frequency impinging upon the elevated conductor shall cause the associated circuit or circuits to respond energetically; that, second, a persistent train of electromagnetic Waves of frequency other than said` predetermined frequency impinging upon the elevated conductor shall cause the associated tuned or resonant circuit or circuits to respond but feebly or not at all; and that, third, abrupt or impulsive electric Iforces actinguponthe elevated conductorshall likewise produce but feeble response or n'o response at all in the associ/ated tuned or resonant circuit or circuits. I

The first and second objects of this invention may be attained by giving the elevated receiving conductor system a pronounced fundamental rate of vibration equal in frequency to that to which the tuned or resonant receiving circuit or circuits is attuned. The first and second objects of this invention may therefore be attained by placing a suitable inductance or capacity in the elevated conductor near its connection to earth, if'it be an earthed elevated conductor, or at the center of the receiving con-A added be made such as to give the elevated conductor system a pronounced natural rate of vibration equal to the frequency to which the associated tuned or resonant receiving circuit or circuits is attuned, the first and sec.- ond objects of the inventionwill be realized. This simple expedient, however, is not suicient to accomplish the third object of the present invention, and for this purpose I may give the elevated conductor'system a pro- :nounced natural rate of vibration different from that to which the -associated tuned o r resonant receiving circuit or circuits attuned while making the elevated conductor system highly responsive to persistent trains of waves of the frequency to which the asso Vciated tuned or resonant receiving circuit or circuits is attuned. For the purpose of accomplishing the third obj ect of the present 1nvention I may also'provide means having for such natural vibrations as may by abrupt or impulsive electrical forcesbe created in the elevated conductor, practically zero reactance or, at least, an impedance low as compared to the impedance of the means by Which the tuned or resonant receiving circuit or circuits is associated `with the elevated conductor system, whereby such natural vibrations may be conducted to earth around such associating means and Ahence prevented from passing through said means and thereby producing even .a feeble response in the afoiesaid tuned or resonant receiving circuit or circuits.

1 In other words, I accomplish the objects of the resent invention by giving the elevated con uctor system a pronounced natural rate of vibration different from that of the waves the energy of which is to beV received and,-

consequently, different from that to which the associated tuned or resonant receiving circuit or circuits is attuned; by making the elevated conductor system higlhly responsive cuits is attuned or such as ma be developed therein by abrupt or impu sive electrical forces, to earth around the-means whereby said tuned or resonant receiving -circuit or circuits is associated With the ductor system.

One of the several embodimentslof my invention whereby the several above mentioned objects have been realized in practice consists of 'an elevated' conductor system comprising Ia arallel branch circuit which elevated con- -includes capacity in `one branch and inductance in the other branch, an elevated conductor and an earth connector; the elevated conductor and earth connector being connected in arallel with respect to said parallel brancli circuitand each, when isolated, having zero reactance for thev same frequency,-'that is to say, the fundamental period of theelevated conductor, when isolated, being equal to the period of the earth connector, when isolated; and said parallell branch circuit having, for persistent electrical oscillations of the frequency of the waves the energy of which is to be received, a reactance e ual in value and opposite in sign to the resu tant reactanceof the elevated conductor and its earth connector. The results are, that the earth connector determines the most pronounced natural rate of vibration ofthe elevated conductor system trical oscillations having such rate of vibraranch circuit, by balancin reactance of the rest of 'the e evated conductor system for persistent electrical oscillabecause, for either'natural or forced election, the reaction of the parallel branch circuit upon the rest of the elevated conductor system is zero, said parallel branch circuit being shunted bythe earth connector which Afor such oscillations has zero reactance and ractically zero impedance; that the parallel the resultant tions having the frequencyV of the waves the energy of which is to be received, renders saidsystem highly responsive to ersistent oscillations of such frequency; an that the earth connector, havingzero reactance and practically zero impedance for electricaloscillations having the frequency-of the most pronounced natural rate of'vibrationi of the elevated conductor system, conducts such natural oscillations .as may be developed in the -s stem to earth around said parallel 5 those Patent Nos. 767,994, dated August 1 6, 1904,

branc circuit with whicln the resonant receiving circuit or oscillation detector may be associated.

j The dpresent invention isa development of escribed in my United States Letters .and 802,417, 802,421, 802,425 and 802,426,

' vof certain of the general principlesinvolved dated October 24, 1905, towhich reference may be had for a more complete explanation the Apresent application than need be set .forth herein.

My invention may best be understood by anizations of circuits and a having reference to the drawings which accompany and forni a part of this specification and which diagrammatically illustrate oraratus wherey the hereinbefore stated o Jects may conveniently be realized in practice. `J

In' the drawings Figure 1 is a diagram representing ,a space -telegraph receiving system which embodies my invention in-its simplest form. Fig. 2 is a diagram representing another and preferred form of my invention. Fig. 3 is a diagram representing a complete space telegraplh transmitting and receiving system and s owing one .way in which my invention may be emplloyed inl practice. Figs. 4 to 24 inclusive s ow a set of curves drawn to rectangular cordinates,

in which the ordinates're resent reactances or current amplitudes an the abscissae represent frequency, Which illustrate the proportionment of the various electromagnetic constants of the several elements of the systems 'shownin Figs. 1-, 2 and 3, and which illustrate alsothe mode of operation of the invention.

' In the figures, V is an elevated 'conductor per se.

E E are earth connections. f C 0, Cz C are condensers. L L1 are inductance coils. l I2 are the primary and secondary coils of the transformer M, and l1 and I2 ,are the primary and secondary coils of the transormer M', the primary and secondary coils' in each instance being preferably so spatially related that the mutual ener between the primaryand secondary circuits is small as compared With the product of the self energies of said circuits.

' W is an oscillation detector of any suitable construction and is herein shown as consisting of a Wollaston anode immersed Vin anA tion are the elevated conductor Vo, the earth connector 0E andthe parallel branch circuit l, 0,. "My invention resides in the arrangement of the aforesaid elements and 1n the realized.

Vois an elevated conductor consisting, in

Fig. 1, .of an elevated conductor` per se, in

Fig. 2, lof an elevated conductor-per 8c and 'proportionment-of their electromagnetic oonstant's whereby the foregoing objects lmay be v the serially connected inductance coil L1 and, in Fig. 3, of an elevated conductor per se and the two serially connected inductance coils I2' L1.

70E is an earth connector having, in all cases, zero reactance for the same frequency.

for which the elevated conductor V0 has zero reactance, so that for natural oscillations of a frequency equals to the most pronounced natural lrate of vibration of the elevated conductor system, the point o is a point having practically zero potential to earth.

I1 (3,' is a parallel branch circuit having for persistent electrical oscillations of the fre-- K the resonant receiving circuit C2 I2 is attuned,

said elevated conductor system has zero reactance, the resultant reactance of the two componentsVo and 0E of said elevated conductor system being balancedby the reactance of the parallel branch circuit I1 C1.

In Figs. 1,'2V and 3, C represents the apparent capacity of the vertlcal, or elevated conductor per se, from the upper end thereof to the point o. L represents the apparent inductance of the vertical, or elevated conductor per se, from the upper end thereof to.

the point o. In the earth connector 0E', the coil L and condenser C may be so chosen that for persistent electrical oscillations .of frequencies from zero to ap roximately the fundamental of the elevated conductor V0, the reactance of 0E is the same in sign and vis approximately theA same in value as the reactance of the elevated conductor Vo; and

Vo and 0E', when isolated,-each has zero reactance for oscillations of the lowest freuency natural to the elevated conductor. n other Words, although it cannot besaid 4 Athat the lumped inductance of the coil vL is equal in its effect to the "distributed inductance of the vertical, or that'the lumped capacity of the condenser C is equal in its effect to the distributed capacity of the vertical, nevertheless the reactance of the earth -connector between the above mentioned limits simulates as near as may be .the reactance of the elevated conductor, and the reactance of each is zero for the same frequency. However, I prefer tov make the selectance function of the earth connector for a given frequency 'equal to thatdof the elevatedconductor Vo for such frequency by any means which will make the function tion of Vo.

The circuit C2 I2 isa resonant receiving circuit attuned to the frequency of the Waves the energy of which is to be received and associated in the resent instance with lthe inductance brano of the parallel branch circuit. The oscillation detector W and the Clz of 0E equal to the corresponding funclocal circuit including the-same may be associated with said resonant receiving circuit 1n"anysu1table'manner and lnthe present Vinstance said circuit is shown as connected across the terminals of the condenser C2.

In the manner more fully set forth by me in my Letters Patent No. 767,994, hereinbefore referred to, the parallel branch circuit I, C', gives the entire elevated conductor system shown in said Letters Patent natural rates of vibration different from that of the waves the energy of which is to be received while for a prersistent simple harmonic force having the equency of said waves, the reactance of the parallel branch circuit bal- .ances the reactance of the rest of the elevated conductor system and thereby makessaid system highly responsive to persistent forces of said fre uency. In the systems described in said Letters Patent, the natural oscillations developed in the elevated conductor system are of frequencies ill adapted to cause a response of the associated resonant receiving circuit by passing to earth through the parallel branch circuit with which said resonant circuit is associated, on account of the high impedance offered by said associated resonant receivin circuit to oscillations of such frequencies. Such y natural oscillations, however, pass to earth through the parallel branch circuit and if they are of sufliciently high intensity they may produce a noticeable response of the associated resonant receiving circuit unless the mutual inductance between said parallel branch circonductor system is given natural rates of vibration different from that of the associated resonant receiving circuit and whereby said system is made highly responsive to persistent trains bf Waves of the `frequency to which-.the resonant receiving circuit is attuned, said means comprising preferably the 110 cuit and said associated resonant circuit be l y havinga frequency 'equal to the most prorelate to Casellb; Figs. 21 .and 22 relate to -means for preventing suchl natural oscillations 'as may by extraneous forces be created 4in the elevated conductor, from passing through said parallel branch circuit, said latter' means comprising preferably the earth connector-0El which, for oscillations nounced natural rate of vibrationofthe ele- `vated conductor system, has zero reactance and practically zero impedance or, at least, an impedance low as compared to the impedance offered by the arallel branch circuit to such natural osc lations. It will be .seen therefore that the velevated conductor s stem is so des' ed that the frequencies of t e natural oscil ations which are created in said system by abrupt or impulsive electrical forces may be made different from the frequency to which the resonant receiving circuit is attuned, thatsaid system may be made highly res' onsive to persistent electrical forces of t e frequency to which said resonant receiving circuit 1s attuned and that, for oscillations of the frequency which is the same as the gravest natural rate of vibration of the system, the reactance of the elevated conductor Vo and earth connector 0E', as Well as thereactance of the system Vo E', is zero.

Having set forth in general the fundamental principles of my invention I shall now describeA specifically those particular embodiments of my invention which are illustrated-in the drawings accompanying this alpplication, although it will be understood t at Ido not limit myself to such particular embodiments of the resent invention inasmuch as many mod' cations may be made Atherein by those skilled in lthe art without departing from the principle or spirit of my invention. In order that the particular embodiments of my invention which I have selected', for diagrammatic illustration for the purpose of more fully disclosing the same', may be described Withsufficient parin which the frequenc .ticularitt7 to enable those skilled in the art to make and use. thesame, it will be'necessary to refer to the curves shown in Figs; 4 to 24 inclusive.

'lwo general cases of my invention may be considered,'one (called Casel) in which the elevated conductor does not include a seriallv connected inductan'ce, and 4the other *(called. Case II) in which the elevated conductor includes the serially connected inductance L'-l or inductances I2 and L1; and each of said general cases may in turn be divided into three special. cases,-viz., ,that

natural-to the parallelbranch circuit is ower than the fundamental 'of the elevated'conductor (Case a), that in which the 'frequency natural to' the parallel branch circuit is equal to the fundamental of the elevated conductor (Case b), and that in which. the frequenc natural to the arallel branchv circuit 1s hig er than the 'func amentalA of the elevated conductor (Case c).

Figs. 4 to 10 inclusive relative to Case Ia; Figs. 11 to 16 relate to Case IIa; Figs. 17 and 18 relate to Case Ib;,Figs. 19 and'20 glase Ic; and Figs. 23 and 24 relate to Case Figs. 4 to 6 inclusive show the variation With frequency for persistent electricalV tems illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 and Figs. 7

to 10 and 13 to 24 show `the variation with.

frequency for persistent electrical forces of the current amplitudesI in the several parts of the elevated conductor system.

While the relations shown herein between th e selectancefunctions and the frequencies respectively of the earth connector and'parallel branch circuit are not intended -in the nature of limitations of the-present inventicn, for the purpose of conveniently representing lin Figs. 4to 6 and 11 and 12 the various relations shown therein, I have chosen the electromagnetic constants of the parallel branch circuit so that the selectancefunction of said circuit is equal to four 'times that of the earth connector and the frequenc `of said circuit is equal to one-half that .o vthe earth connector. In all cases thefrequency natural to the earth connector is equal to the 'fundamental frequency of the elevated conductor Vo, Whether ornot the coil or coils Ll, orIa and L be used. In the following discussion lof the curves shown in Figs. 4 to 6 and 11 and 12 it is to be understood that While said curves glve the values of reactances whereby the several component parts of the system may be de signed, I do not limit myself tosystems, the component parts of which necessarily have the reactances shown in said curves inasmuch as an infinite number of systems Ina be designed inaccordance With the-princlp e of the presentinvention, the component parts of which Would havereactances Which were vastlydiflerent from those shown in said curves. So .far from vlimiting myself to systems designed according to the aforesaid curves, I consider said" curves as merely i illustrative of two special cases, that is to say,

Figs. 4 to 6 are illustrative of .one specific case falling` within the general case desi nated as Case I, and Figs. 11 and12 are i ustrative of one specific case falling Within the general case -designated as Case IIB.

' thereof.

\ earth connectorand parallel branch circuit and then adding the reactance of the elevated conductor at the point o to the reciprocal of such joint conductance-fi. e., the joint reactance, therebyobtaining the total reactance. For convenience the'term conduct- `ance is used herein as meaning the reciprocal of reactance.

Curve (1) in Fig." 4 shows the reactancefrequency'variation of the inductance branch l, of the parallel branch circuit and curve (2) shows the conductance-frequency variation Curve (3) shows the reactance-frequency variation of the condenser branch C1 of the parallel branch circuit and curve (4) shows the conductance-frequenc variation thereof.

Curve (5) being the alge raic sum of curves (2) and (4) represents the variation with frequency of the joint conductance of thetwo branches of the parallel branch circuit, or the total conductance of said parallel branch circuit. The point nl at which curve (5) crosses the axis of absciss'ae therefore represents the frequency natural to thel arallel branch circuit, when isolated, and or persistent electrical forces of said frequency the reactance of the parallel branch circuit as -measured between its points of connection with the circuit upon which such forces are imrles'sed is practically infinite. rve (6) 1n Fig. 5 .shows the reactancefrequency variation of the coil L of the earth connector and curve (7) shows the reactancefrequency variation of the condenser C thereof. Curve (8) being the algebraic sum of curves (6) and(7) accordingly represents the l variation with frequency of the total reactance of the earth connector. The oint n at Which curve (8) crosses the axis of abscissae represents the'frequencynatural toA the earth connector when isolated.

Curve (9) being the reciprocal of'curve (8), shows the conductance-frequency variation of the earth connecton Curve (10) being the sum of curves (5)V` and (9) repres'ents the variation with frequency of the joint conductance of the parallel branch circuit and the earth connector. cpanel n2 being the points at which the curve v(10) crosses the axis of abscissae represent the frequencies natural to the system consisting of the parallel rbranch circuit and the earth connector.

Curve (11) in Fig. represents the reciprocal of curve (10) and shows therefore the variation with frequency ofthe joint reactance of the system consisting ofthe parallel branch circuit and the earth connector.

Curve (12)-represents the variation with frequency of the reactance of the elevated conductor Vo, in Fig.l 1, 4as`rr'1easu'red at its e., as measured att-he n n, n and n', therefore, the reactance of the elevated conductor system is zero.

n represents the .frequency of the Waves the ener y of which is to be received and to which t e resonant receiving circuit is attuned, and for ersistent electrical forces of this frequency t e reactance of the parallel branch circuit is equal in value and opposite in sign to the resultant reactance of the velevated conductor Vo and its earth connector 0E which are connected in parallel with respect to said parallelbranch circuit.

fn, represents the fundamental frequency natural to the elevated conductor Vo, when Iisolated, and n2 is the first evenharmonic thereof. n represents also the frequency natural to the earth connector 0E,"When isolated. Furthermore n represents vthe most pronounced and gravest natural rate of vibration of the velevated conductor V0 and earth connector 0E( connected in series and isolated; and finally n represents the gravest and most pronounced natural rate of vibration of the elevated conductor system considered as a ,Whole,-'i. e., V o and 0E .connected in series with each other and in parallel with respect to oE,-because for oscillations, either natural or forced, of frequency ln. the parallel branch circuit does not react upon the system Vo E,said parallel branch circuit being shunted by the'eaith connector Which forpscillations of frequency n has zero reactance andpractically `Zero impedance. 'Accordingly electrical' oscillations of fre uency n which are developed in the elevate conductor pass to earth by Way of the earth connector and have-no tendency to pass to -earth through'either branch of the parallel branch circuit. The Inatural oscilla-v tions Which are developed in the elevated conductor by abrupt or impulsiveelectrical forces are chiefly of frequency 1t, or'in other Words the most pronounced natural rate of vibration of the elevatedconductor system is determined by the earth connector and is not aected by the parallel branch circuit;

n vrepresents lthe frequency ofthe `next highest natural rate of vibrationr of thefelevated conductor system. Natural' oscillations of frequency n/ which may-be developed in the elevated conductor by extraneous electrical j ,forces have little tendency to effect the response ofthe associated resonant receiving circuitfor they are Widely sepa- 

